Dating royal copenhagen china

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Dating by backstamp and painter's number before. Special Doulton Marks Throughout their history Royal Doulton introduced various special marks relating to specific collections or specific ranges of wares.

The most significant change was in the general policy regarding marks. Paintings, Etchings Bronze, copper, pewter etc Jewelry E-mail. The Famous Pink Triangle Royal Dux met one of the most distinctive marks ever placed on porcelain, a raised triangle of pink clay. Between the years of 1862 and 1875 the last two numbers of the the years were occasionally used to indicate the year of dating royal copenhagen china but in 1867 a more organised method of date codes was met, with a letter beneath the standard mark, 1867 used the letter A, 1868 used B, 1869 C and so on. Bohemia became part of Czechoslovakia which was in turn controlled first by Germany then the Soviet Union. Dating by backstamp and painter's number before. Sesam 200 Responsible S. Follow the links on the right side. Used on plain brown and cream glazed stoneware and occasional faience ware. The triangle is still a separate piece of pink clay applied to a white clay body. A crosshatch, or grid-like pattern, is at the top of the civil.

Even if you believe you can correctly date a piece, you should still request a written receipt that includes the approximate date of production. The Royal Copenhagen Porcelain Manufactory 1775-1975. There are several clues to help you detect these and most other forged triangles.

Doulton Marks - The Lambeth factory closed in 1956 due to clean air regulations preventing urban production of salt glaze. Its products include dinnerware, giftware, cookware, , glassware, collectables, jewellery, , curtains and lighting.

Royal Dux: Dating 150 years of Porcelain Duxer Porzellanmanufaktur, or Dux Porcelain Manufactory, was started in 1860 by Eduard Eichler in what was then Duchov, Bohemia. Bohemia became part of Czechoslovakia which was in turn controlled first by Germany then the Soviet Union. In 1990, even the national name was changed to Czech Republic. The problem facing collectors is that many original 19th century molds have remained in production throughout the company's 150 year history. With vintage 19th century Royal Dux selling for up to several thousand dollars, modern pieces are often offered, either deliberately or through ignorance, as much older than they really are. In this article, we'll be looking at genuine marks found on authentic Royal Dux as well as typical forged marks you might find in the market. Original Marks Royal Dux products can be divided into four broad periods of production generally separated by wars and political upheaval: 1860 to WW I; 1919 to WW II; 1947 to 1990 and from 1990 to the present. From 1860 to WW II, ca. After WW II, around 1946-47, the factory was nationalized by the Soviet Union and renamed Duchosvsky Porcelain. The company returned to private ownership with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990. Since 1990, molds and variations of company marks from earlier periods have continued to be used as Royal Dux continues production into the 21st century. The Famous Pink Triangle Royal Dux introduced one of the most distinctive marks ever placed on porcelain, a raised triangle of pink clay. All factory-applied pink triangles—whether from the 19th, 20th or 21st century—are made from a separate piece of pink clay. The pink clay is applied to the base of Royal Dux white clay bodies. The two separate pieces are fused together during firing. There is virtually never the slightest seam or gap between the pink clay of the triangle and the white clay of the piece to which the triangle is applied. Before WW I, pink triangles were generally, but not always, left in a bisque, or unglazed, finish. Most Art Nouveau figures in matte glaze, for example, usually have bisque triangles. After WW I, Art Deco figures entirely glazed in a high gloss occasionally have glazed triangles. Pieces with gloss glazes after 1950, especially after 1980 are more likely to have some glaze on the triangle. Although bisque triangles are the general rule, there is considerable variation over the years. Factory triangles are all roughly the same size, about one-half inch per side and raised about one-sixteenth inch thick, rarely more than one-eighth inch thick. Size varies slightly because some original triangles were slightly deformed when damp. A crosshatch, or grid-like pattern, is at the top of the oval. Even though the country of Bohemia disappeared at the end of WW I, Royal Dux Bohemia remains in the mark to this day. All factory-applied pink triangles, new or old, are generally very high quality. You almost never find a blurred, indistinct or illegible impressions in factory-applied triangles. Virtually all factory-applied triangles have sharp, clear lettering impressed to an equal depth. E Impressed Triangle, ca. In the first period, 1860 to WW I, the letter E is impressed in the center of the pink triangle. E represents Eichler, the founder's surname see line drawing and photo in Figs. The letter in the center of triangles changes over the years. It's important to keep in mind that E is the earliest. A convenient way to remember this is by word association: E is for early. The great majority of authentic factory-applied triangles from the first production period are unglazed. Additional marks from the first period of production include Figs. Any of the marks from the first production period in Figs. Made in Czechoslovakia, ca. Made in Czechoslovakia can appear joined to other Royal Dux marks or can appear separately at a distance from other marks. Typical colors for stamped ink marks include green and a reddish-pink. D Impressed in Triangle, ca. Russia nationalized almost all Czechoslovakian industries including Royal Dux. Around 1946-47, the factory was renamed Duchcovsky Porcelain after the regional name of Duchov. The letter E is removed from the center of the pink triangle at this time and replaced by the letter D. Royal Dux Bohemia continues to appear around the oval. The triangle is still a separate piece of pink clay applied to a white clay body. Made in Czechoslovakia again appears in marks sometime in the early 1950s. Some products made in the early 1950s have an M rather than a D in the pink triangle. Very few of these pieces have been seen in western markets. For all practical purposes, the letter D is the dominant letter in the vast majority of pink triangles since WW II. Czech Republic is Created, 1990 The collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s ushered in tremendous changes in eastern Europe. Royal Dux returned to private ownership and Czechoslovakia changed its name to Czech Republic. With all these changes, production since 1990 is by far the most difficult to accurately date by marks alone. The most significant change was in the general policy regarding marks. Rather than going forward with totally new marks, the factory brought back marks used in the past. The letter inside the triangle—in both printed marks and the raised pink mark— continued to be the letter D. Pieces made since the mid-1990s in original molds and carrying the old-appearing marks can be difficult to separate from 19th and early 20th century originals. Here are a few general guidelines that will help you identify most 1990s pieces. First, any piece marked with the modern copyright symbol, ©, or modern registered symbol, ® , are from the 1990s. Any piece marked Czech Republic cannot be older than 1990-1991 at most. Pieces with a gold foil label with a letter D in the center are also from the 1990s. Pieces marked Made in Czechoslovakia—made before or after 1990—can in no instance possibly date before 1919 at the earliest. Czechoslovakia was created at the end of WW I, ca. Any piece with a D impressed in the pink triangle cannot date any earlier than the late 1940s. Both of those markings have been used in the 1990s and continue to be in use as of 2001. The new vase in Fig. There is a pink triangle with an impressed D on the frog in Fig. Generally, pieces with a letter E impressed in a raised pink triangle with no marks other than shape numbers or decorators marks, are still very likely to have been made before 1919. Pink triangles on these pieces are generally bisque. Another, but less objective, test is the quality of the finish. Most matte glazed pieces from before WW II, especially before 1900, are velvety smooth. Surfaces of pieces made after WW II tend to be rougher. This test only works on matte finished pieces, though, and you need to be familiar with originals. Neither is a test for pieces with gloss glazes. Fakes and Forgeries Besides separating confusing marks and pieces made at the Royal Dux factory, buyers must also contend with fakes and forgeries. Some fakes are quite ambitious, going so far as to copy the raised pink triangles. Two new triangles and the pieces on which they appear are shown in Figs. Both forgeries have Made in Bohemia and the letter E impressed into raised pink triangles, similar to the genuine Royal Dux triangles used 1860-1918. There are several clues to help you detect these and most other forged triangles. First, look at the color. All original raised pink triangles are made of pink clay; the pink color is throughout the body of the triangle. The fake triangle in Fig. No authentic factory-made pink triangles old or new are painted. The triangle in Fig. The forged triangle in Fig. The depth to which letters are impressed on most new triangles, including this example, varies greatly. Letters in genuine triangles are impressed to almost exactly the same depth. The figure is made of heavy pottery, not porcelain. Marks on any piece offered as Royal Dux must be examined very carefully. Even if you believe you can correctly date a piece, you should still request a written receipt that includes the approximate date of production. Nobody can say with any certainty what marks may have been applied to factory-made Royal Dux since the mid-1990s. Courtesy Collector Books, Collectors Guide to European and American Art Pottery, Schwartzman © 1978 Fig. The letter D once again returns to the center of the pink triangle replacing the M. However, the raised pink triangle is used less frequently. Many marks since 1990 are stamped in ink or applied as transfers under the glaze Figs. This can include all the words previously impressed in the pink triangles such as Royal Dux Bohemia. The modern symbols for copyright, ©, and registration, ®, also begin to be used. The new national name Czech Republic, appears in many, but far from all, new marks Fig. Many new pieces since the late 1990s have also been marked Made in Czechoslovakia Fig. Miscellaneous numbers that might be confused with dates may also appear with marks such as 1853 in the mark shown in Fig.